Patella Stabilisation

What is Patella Stabilisation Surgery?

Patella stabilisation surgery is a procedure (or combination of procedures) to prevent recurrent dislocation of the patella (kneecap) and restore normal tracking within the groove at the front of the femur (thigh bone). It is considered for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation or persistent instability, particularly where underlying anatomical factors make the kneecap prone to slipping out of place.

Because patellar instability can have several contributing causes, stabilisation surgery is tailored to address the specific factors present in each patient, rather than being a single standard operation.

Who Needs Patella Stabilisation?

Surgery may be considered when:

• There have been recurrent kneecap dislocations
• There is ongoing instability affecting daily life or activity
• Imaging identifies significant anatomical risk factors
• Non-surgical treatment, including physiotherapy, has not resolved the instability

A first-time dislocation without significant associated injury is often managed without surgery. Stabilisation surgery is generally directed at recurrent or persistent problems.

Types of Procedure

Stabilisation surgery is planned according to the underlying cause of instability, identified through examination and imaging. Procedures may include:

• MPFL reconstruction: reconstructing the medial patellofemoral ligament — a key soft-tissue restraint that holds the kneecap in place — using a graft.
• Bony realignment procedures: adjusting the position of the bony attachment of the patellar tendon to improve tracking, where alignment is a contributing factor.
• Procedures addressing the groove: in selected cases where the shape of the trochlear groove is a significant factor.

In some patients more than one of these may be combined. The most appropriate procedure or combination depends on the specific anatomical factors present and will be discussed with you at your consultation.

The Procedure and Recovery

Surgery is performed under spinal or general anaesthesia, and the specific technique depends on the procedure planned. Recovery focuses on protecting the repair or reconstruction, gradually restoring movement and strength, and retraining control of the kneecap. Rehabilitation is an important part of the outcome and is progressed in stages, with the specific plan tailored to the procedure performed and your individual progress.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, patella stabilisation carries risks, including:

• Infection
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism)
• Stiffness or loss of movement
• Recurrent instability or dislocation
• Ongoing pain at the front of the knee
• Fracture, in procedures involving the bone
• Injury to adjacent nerves or blood vessels

All relevant risks will be discussed in detail at your consultation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will surgery stop my kneecap dislocating?

Patella stabilisation surgery aims to significantly reduce the risk of further dislocation by addressing the underlying causes of instability. As with any surgery, it cannot guarantee that instability will never recur, but it is directed at the specific factors making the kneecap unstable.

What is MPFL reconstruction?

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is a key restraint that helps hold the kneecap in place. When it is deficient or injured, reconstructing it with a graft is one of the common procedures used to restore stability. Whether it is the right procedure for you depends on your individual anatomy.

How long is the recovery?

Recovery depends on the specific procedure performed and is progressed in stages, focusing on restoring movement, strength, and control of the kneecap. Your surgeon and physiotherapist will guide the timeline based on your procedure and progress.

Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is intended as general patient education and does not constitute medical advice. Every patient is different, and treatment decisions should always be made in consultation with a qualified medical professional based on your individual circumstances, health history, and imaging. Outcomes from surgery vary between patients and cannot be guaranteed. If you have concerns about your knee health or are considering surgery, please contact Dr Slattery’s rooms to arrange a consultation.